The Convention on the Law of the Sea - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2551 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction ITLOS Description How and why was it formed? Rules Members Functions Dispute process ITLOS 1st Dispute Description Parties Involved Legal Principles and Issues Involved Outcome ITLOS 2nd Dispute Description Parties Involved Legal Principles and Issues Involved Outcome ICJ ICJ 1st dispute Description Parties involved Legal principles and issues involved Outcome ICJ 2nd dispute Description Parties involved Legal principles and issues involved Outcome References Introduction On 16th November 1994 the convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) came into force, it was establish in 1982. The purpose of this convention is to provide nations with four methods to resolve maritime disputes, two of these methods were (1) submit the dispute to the international Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and (2) the adjudication of the dispute by the international court of justice, (ICJ). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Convention on the Law of the Sea" essay for you Create order ITLOS Description The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the United NationsConvention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. How and why was it formed? The Tribunal came into existence following the entry into force of the Convention on 16November 1994. After the election of the first judges on 1 August 1996, the Tribunal took up its work in Hamburg on 1 October 1996. The official inauguration of the Tribunal was held on 18 October 1996. The Tribunal was established as a specialized tribunal to deal with disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention https://www.itlos.org/general-information/ Rules Membership 1. No two members of the Tribunal may be nationals of the same State. Aperson who for the purposes of membership in the Tribunal could be regarded as a national of more than one State shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights. 2. There shall be no fewer than three members from each geographical group as established by the General Assembly of the United Nations. https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm Section 1 Article 2 Members The Tribunal is composed of 21 independent members elected by secret ballot by the States Parties to the Convention. Each State Party may nominate up to two candidates from among persons enjoying the highest reputation for fairness and integrity and of recognized competence in the field of the law of the sea. No two members may be nationals of the same State and in the Tribunal as a whole it is necessary to assure the representation of the principal legal systems of the world and equitable geographical distribution; there shall be no fewer than three members from each geographical group as established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (African States, Asian States, Eastern European States, Latin American and Caribbean States and Western European and Other States). Members are elected for nine years and may be re-elected; the terms of one third of the members expire every three years. Functions The seabed disputes chamber is competent to give advisory opinions on legal questions arising within the scope of the activities of the international seabed authority, the tribunal might may also give advisory opinions in certain cases under international agreements related to the purposes of the convention. Disputes before the tribunal are instituted by either written application or by notification of a special agreement. Dispute process Rules of steps to solve a dispute ITLOS 1st Dispute https://www.itlos.org/en/cases/list-of-cases/case-no-8/ Description On 21 March 2001 an application was filed on behalf of Belize against France for the prompt release of the fishing vessel Grand Prince under article 292 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The case was named the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Grand Princeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Case and entered in the List of cases as case no. 8. (Republic of France v. Belize, 2001) Parties Involved RÃÆ' ©publique franÃÆ' §aise VS Belize (Republic of France v. Belize, 2001) Legal Principles and Issues Involved The procedure provided for under article 292 has as its sole purpose to ensure the prompt release of a vessel upon the posting of a reasonable bond, pending the completion of judicial proceedings brought against the captain or owner of the vessel before the jurisdictions of the detaining State. Thus, when the internal judicial procedures have reached their conclusion and, in particular, when they have led to the pronouncement of a sentence of confiscation of the vessel, any possible resort to the article 292 procedure loses its reason for being. In such a case, the application for prompt release is moot (dÃÆ' ©purvue dobjet). As from the time when a national court has pronounced confiscation of the vessel as the applicable sanction, the introduction of a prompt release proceeding before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is not only no longer possible but indeed is not even conceivable. As part of a proceeding of this kind, the Tribunal decides as to the reason ableness of the bond required to order the release of the vessel. This presupposes, firstly, that simple provisional measures of an interlocutory (conservatoire) kind have been taken with respect to the vessel, and, secondly, that those measures can be revoked (rapportÃÆ' ©) or stayed in exchange for a guarantee of enforcement of possible debts to the State by the owner of the vessel. But a confiscation declared by a national court as a principal or secondary penalty has as its effect authoritatively and definitively to transfer to the State the property confiscated. The owner of the vessel loses his title by virtue of the judicial decision and, if he seeks to recover his rights in the property, the remedies open to him can no longer be pursued within a proceeding for prompt release, since he can no longer be considered as the holder of title (titulaire dun droit de propriÃÆ' ©tÃÆ' ©) to the vessel. The vessel Grand Prince was found in violation in the French Exclusive Economic Zone, was boarded and detained on 26 December 2000, and was escorted to the island of Reunion, where it arrived on 9 January 2001. The Director of Maritime Affairs of Reunion declared the provisional impoundment of the vessel, which was confirmed on 12 January by an Order of the Tribunal dInstance of Saint Paul which, furthermore, fixed the amount of the bond to be paid to permit release from impoundment. Moreover, on 11 January, the Deputy Prosecutor of the Republic before the Tribunal de Grande Instance of Saint Denis drew up an arraignment (procÃÆ' ¨s-verbal dinterpellation) against the captain of the vessel and, considering that in this case the introduction of an investigative proceeding (instruction) was not necessary, decided directly to summon the accused to appear at a hearing of the criminal court on 23 January, pursuant to articles 393 et seq. of the Code of Penal Procedure. (ANNEX I) The judgment of the criminal court, handed down the same day (ANNEX II) pr onounced the confiscation of the vessel Grand Prince with immediate execution notwithstanding appeal, pursuant to article 131-6-10 of the Penal Code and article 471, final paragraph, of the Code of Penal Procedure (ANNEX III). Further, the captain was sentenced to a fine and damages. Outcome Whereas, pursuant to article 292 of the Convention, the Tribunal shall deal with the Application without delay, Whereas, pursuant to article 112, paragraph 3, of the Rules of the Tribunal, the Tribunal, or the President if the Tribunal is not sitting, shall fix the earliest possible date, within a period of 15 days commencing with the first working day following the date on which the application is received, for a hearing. THE PRESIDENT Fixes 5 and 6 April 2001 as the dates for the hearing; Reserves the subsequent procedure for further decision. THE TRIBUNAL, By 12 votes to 9, Finds that the Tribunal has no jurisdiction under article 292 of the Convention to entertain the Application; ITLOS 2nd Dispute https://www.itlos.org/en/cases/list-of-cases/case-no-15/ Description This case is made in respect of the Tomimaru, a Japanese fishing vessel detained in the Russian exclusive economic zone (hereinafter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“EEZà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) by the authorities of the respondent since 2 November 2006 and currently detained in the Russian port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii. The Tomimaru is a fishing vessel owned and operated by Kanai Gyogyo Co., a Japanese company registered at 6-3-25, Kushiro city, Hokkaido, Japan. The Tomimaru was flying the Japanese flag at the time of detention and retains Japanese nationality at the time of filing of this application. It is registered at Kushiro city, Hokkaido, Japan. The Tomimaru is a vessel of 279 tons. It has cargo capacity of 263.3 cubic meters for freezer and 580.6 cubic meters for cold storage and fish tank. The estimated value of the vessel and its equipment is 92,894,507 Yen. Documents that evidence the ownership and specifications of the Tomimaru and support the estimate of value are attached. The Tomimaru ha d 14 Japanese crew members including its Master and 7 Indonesian crew members. The Master and all other members of the crew have now left Russia. There are two sets of proceedings that have been instituted against the Master and the owner of the Tomimaru before the domestic courts of the Respondent: (a) criminal proceedings against the Master, in respect of which a bond of 8,800,000 rubles (approximately US$ 343,000) was set on 12 December 2006; (b) administrative proceedings against the owner of the Tomimaru, in respect of which no bond has been fixed. The Tomimaru was licensed by the respondent to fight in the Respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s EEZ during the period between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Pursuant to that license, the Tomimaru was fishing in the respondents EEZ in the western Bering Sea with the Respondents permission. On 31 October 2006 the Tomimaru was en route from tis licensed fishing area to the port of Kushiro in Japan, when it was boarded by officials from the R espondents patrol boat No.160. According to the Master of the Tomimaru, the boarding occurred at 18:20 (Japan standard time) on 31 October 2006 and was carried out by three officials belonging to the respondent. According to the Master of the Tomimaru, the place of boarding was 52-16N 160-52E the exact coordinates, within the Respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s EEZ. The Tomimaru was ordered to sail to the port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, where the vessel and the crew were detained. During the voyage to that port, and official of the Respondent on board the Tomimaru indicated that the actual amount of fish being carried by the Tomimaru appeared to differ from the amount recorded in its logbook and that the difference was about five tons. On November 2006 a Note Verbal No. 018-3 2006 was issued by the representative of the ministry of Foreign Affair of the Russian Federation in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii. It stated that: A criminal case had been instituted against the Master of the Tomimaru on 8 November 2006; The Tomimaru had permission to engage in fishing in the Russian EEZ for up to 1,163 of Pollack and 18t of herring during the period from 1 October to 31 December 2006; Upon inspection on 8 November 2006, more than 20t of walleye Pollack that was not listed on the logbook was found on board the Tomimaruà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ More than 19.5t of halibut, 3.2t of ray, 4.9t cod, and more than 3t of other fish, with a total value in excess of 8,500,000 rubles ( Approximately US$ 330,000) were found on board the Tomimaru. https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_15/application_japan_eng.1.pdf Parties Involved Legal Principles and Issues Involved In respect of the Master of the vessel criminal proceedings were instituted on 8 November 2006 concerning the alleged crime stipulated by Article 253 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (exploitation without due permission of the natural resources in the Russian EEZ). The vessel was declared material evidence in accordance with the Article 82 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. On 23 November 2006 the Master of the vessel was accused of violation of part 2 of Article 253 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. On the same day he was asked to sign a written undertaking not to leave the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii and to behave properly. By the verdict of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii court of 15 Mary 2007 the Master of the vessel was found guilty for having committed crimes under paragraph 2 Article 253 and paragraph 2 Article 201 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. He paid the fine in the amount of 500,000 robles, impose d by the verdict, but not damages awarded and were allowed to leave Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski for Japan on 30 May 2007. https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_15/response_russ_fed_eng.1.pdf Outcome https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/basic_texts/Itlos_8_E_17_03_09.pdf https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_5/Judgment.07.02.00.E.pdf https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_5/Dissenting.Anderson.E.pdf https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm ICJ ICJ 1st dispute Description On behalf of the Government of Australia and pursuant to Article 36, paragraphs 1 and 2, and Article 40 of the Statute of the Court and Article 38 of the Rules of Court, I have the honor to submit to the Court the present Application instituting proceedings against the Government of Japan. The present Application concerns Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s continued pursuit of a large-scale program of whaling under the Second Phase of its Japanese Whale Research Pro-gram under Special Permit in the Antarctic (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JARPAIIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), in breach of obligations assumed by Japan under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ICRWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), as well as its other international obligations for the preservation of marine mammals and the marine environment. Australia has consistently opposed Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s JARPA II program, both through individual protests and demarches and through relevant international forums, including the Internat ional Whaling Commission (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“IWCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ). The Court has jurisdiction over the present dispute in accordance with the provisions of Article 36, paragraph 2, of its Statute, by virtue of the operation of the declarations of acceptance made respectively by Australia, dated 22 March 2002, and by Japan, dated 9 July 2007. Parties involved (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening) Legal principles and issues involved Commercial whaling, whether by pelagic operations or from land stations, is prohibited in a region designated as the Southern Ocean Sanctuary. This Sanctuary comprises the waters of the Southern Hemisphere southwards of the following line: starting from 40 degrees S, 50 degrees W ; thence due east to 20 degrees E ; thence due south to 55 degrees S ; thence due east to 130 degrees E ; thence due north to 40 degrees S ; thence due east to 130 degrees W ; thence due south to 60 degrees S ; thence due east to 50 degrees W ; thence due north to the point of beginning. This prohibition applies irrespective of the conservation status of baleen and toothed whale stocks in this Sanctuary, as may from time to time be determined by the Com-mission. As they have been classified as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“endangeredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (at a very high risk of extinction) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), of the three species targeted by JARPAII, this is the one about which th e least is known, but it is probable that they are still severely depleted relative to the pre-1904 population. There are limited indications of some recovery in population numbers in the Southern Hemisphere but no agreed population estimate exists. Also, the population structure of the Southern Hemisphere fin whales remains unknown. Accordingly, there is risk of the depletion of small stocks. Outcome ICJ 2nd dispute Description Parties involved Legal principles and issues involved Outcome References Republic of France v. Belize, ITLOS Case 8 Page 3 (2001) Republic of France v. Belize, ITLOS Case 8 Page 4 (2001)

Medical Professionals Should Always Value A Patient s...

Medical professionals should always value a patient’s ethical right to privacy and confidentiality. Under the HIPPA law, there are still concerns with the protection of patient privacy; therefore, healthcare professionals must confront the growing technological environment and find ways to increase access security, as well as discipline employees that violate a patient’s privacy. Electronic health records can be beneficial to providers from a cost and efficiency standpoint, but are patients really better off with a paperless system?5 Privacy relates to people; confidentiality relates to data. A patient has a right to privacy and confidentiality concerning their mental and physical medical records. The term privacy has been defined as an†¦show more content†¦Healthcare providers are able to communicate easier via electronic medical records and under the HIPPA law it is illegal to release patient information to other non-healthcare professional parties. HIPPA states, â€Å"covered entities are required to protect the confidentiality or integrity of medical information stored in electric records.5 Confidentiality extends past privacy and protects identifiable data. So, what is considered confidential patient information? Confidential patient information consists of Protected Health Information (PHI). The PHI contains the patient’s demographic information, social security number, diagnoses codes, medical record number, name of doctors, conversations between healthcare providers, billing information, images of the patient, and medications. Confidential information is seen electronically in a patient’s medical record everyday and sometimes employees forget how important it is to keep a patient’s information confidential. Mental and physical conditions, treatment plans and daily notes are documented in electronic medical records. The healthcare industry benefits from Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Electronic software is used to store and transfer patient health records. The advances in technology allow healthcare professionals to access and share patient medical history. Such a system may decrease health care costs, increase the quality of patient care, facilitate better departmental communication, create less paper confusion,

Black Civil Rights Essay Example For Students

Black Civil Rights Essay More than a hundred years ago the Europeans brought slaves to North America. The blacks found themselves in the midst of prejudice whites with no way out. When the blacks came over Jim Crow laws were incorporated. With these laws itwas near impossible for blacks to rise in the white world. Booker T. Washingtonwas the first black to rise to any prominence in this time. In the early 1900sblacks however began to fight back. In 1909 black advancement organizationsbegan to increase all over North America. Unfortunately with the rise of thesegroups also came the rise of racist white groups like the Ku Klux Klan andothers brutally killing blacks. All blacks coming into N. America were beingbrought into a very hostile environment. The first sign of blacks becoming more equal was the blacks to fight in theWorld War. For the first time they were looked upon as war veterans instead ofblack slaves. Although progress was beginning a black man named Garvey believedthat the whites would never change, because of this he started an associationcalled Back to Africa. At the coming of the Second World War, blacksparticipating in the war were being more important positions than ever before. Franklin Roosevelt was the first president to make a strong contribution tothe Civil Rights movement. He had signed a declaration that stated no one couldbe discriminated in the work place and other areas based on race. Also the highcourt passed a law that enabled black children to have the same educationopportunities as white children. It was in December 1955 that Rosa Parks made a big step for civil rights bydoing a very small but courageous thing. She was arrested for not giving up herseat to a white man on a bus, which broke one of the many Jim Crow laws. Withthat one action black activist hired Martin Luther King Jr. to boycott the buslaws. This boycott of the Jim Crow transportation laws was a complete success,launching Martin Luther King Jr. into national stardom with the accomplishment. King often acted on and admired the ways of M. Gandhi. Soon blacks all overbegan to non-violently protest many segregated places. In turn many places weredesegregated. President John F. Kennedy was a strong force also in the fight forblack civil rights and his assassination in 1963 did cause setbacks. The blacksin the North felt that they had to do more than the blacks in the South to makea difference but they didnt have a voice. That was until Malcolm X joined thevoice of Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X did make a difference but he was notliked by many whites and even was strongly disliked by black Muslims. Soon laterblack Muslims shot and killed Malcolm X, not much later Martin Luther King Jr. was also assassinated, and another great voice was silenced. Jesse Jackson arose the killing in 1965. He started many organizations tohelp support blacks and civil rights. Also to show that the equality betweenblacks and whites was getting stronger Jackson ran for President of the UnitedStates in both 1984 and 1988, not only becoming a threat in the civil rightsmovement but as a political icon also. His message was and still is well likedby both blacks and whites, as he sends the message of true equality and not justpower to blacks. Poverty, education, and racism are still part of todayssociety and in political battle with each other, but the efforts of all theblacks are paying off for everyone. The world does seem to be getting better. .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 , .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .postImageUrl , .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 , .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:hover , .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:visited , .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:active { border:0!important; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:active , .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0 .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef07132971434719258a377be7d6d3b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dbq Constitutional Convention EssayCategory: Social Issues

History of Golf Essay Example For Students

History of Golf Essay History of Golf: In 1788, one of the greatest days in sports, the firstgolf course was built in Scotland. Scotland is considered to be the birthplaceof golf. The game of golf began its destiny in time towards becoming populararound the world. This weird and complex game did not reach the United Statesuntil 1844, in New York, where the first golf course was built. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Category:MiscellaneousPaper Title:History of GolfText:In 1788, one of the greatest days in sports, the first golf course was builtin Scotland. Scotland is considered to be the birthplace of golf. The game ofgolf began its destiny in time towards becoming popular around the world. Thisweird and complex game did not reach the United States until 1844, in New York,where the first golf course was built. Some where in time the game of golf lostits prestige in the United States. The professionals are mostly the only onesthat treat this game how it should be treated. Some Americans have no respectand have no idea what they are doing to the game. The Scottish are verydifferent because they understand and treat the game how it should be treated,with prestige and etiquette. Golfers that have taken up the game in the statesjust dont have the same attitude towards the game. I wish people would realizehow the game is suppo sed to be played and treated. I think one of the main reasons golf is taken more serious in Scotland isbecause it originated there and everyone was taught to play it the correct way. In Scotland, you will never see anyone throwing a club or damaging the turf. They always take great care of the course because they respect it. They know howrude it is to act like that and they are all about etiquette. Everyone knowsthis is a gentlemans game, as many people have called it. Theyliterally take it to heart, it is so impressive. When the Scottish play the gamethey follow the rules very strictly. They never touch the ball no matter howdifficult or unlucky spot it ends up in. If it gets buried in the high grass orcaught behind a tree, they wont move it. They play it where itlies, as it is said. They never bend the rules or shave strokes. They arecompletely honest with themselves and others. This type of behavior makes thegame so much more fair and enjoyable because they dont cheat other people orthemselves. They take what they get and realize that it is a part of golf. The Americans, on the other hand, are a different story. For the most partthey are totally opposite from the Scottish. I say most people because theprofessionals and some others understand and respect the game because they havebeen taught or brought up correctly. Too many people want to throw clubs anddamage the turf. It shows no respect and it makes them look like a fool. Etiquette is a major part of golf and not enough people display it. TheAmericans also dont like to follow the rules. They take the easy way out, totry to get an advantage. When you do that you are beating no one but your self. They are always moving the ball, trying to get the best possible spot. Donttouch it, play it where it lies, thats what this games is all about. They arealways bending the rules some way or shaving strokes. The worst part is theydont think it is cheating, they think it is okay. The Americans need to be morehonest because in the long run it will help them and their golf game so muchmore. I am a perfect example of why this is true. I used to be a typicalAmerican and play like everyone else does. I didnt realize this until one daywhen my dad caught me cheating when I was a freshman in high school. I wouldverather got caught cheating by anyone else than my own father. It made me realizehow golf is supposed to be played, with etiquette and honesty. .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 , .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .postImageUrl , .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 , .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:hover , .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:visited , .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:active { border:0!important; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:active , .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612 .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue00914cc4f6ab3361e5a74605fe5b612:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemmingway EssayIn conclusion I want everyone to realize how different these two cultures actbecause sometimes Americans think we know it all and do everything the rightway. I am very thankful for the experience that I was in with my father. It mademe realize how everyone around me was just as foolish as I was. Us Americanscould learn a lot from the Scottish people. One of my dreams has always been toplay golf in Scotland. When I arrived here at Butler I learned that once everyfour years the golf team takes a summer trip to Scotland to play golf for twoweeks. I will definitely make sure that I qualify to go on that trip. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

Manifest Destiny Essays (661 words) - MexicoUnited States Relations

Manifest Destiny MANIFEST DESTINY The idea of Manifest Destiny was based on the idea that America had a divine providence. It had a future that was destined by God to expand its borders, with no limit to area or country. All the traveling and expansion were part of the spirit of Manifest Destiny, a belief that it was God's will that Americans spread over the entire continent, and to control and populate the country as they see fit. Many expansionists conceived God as having the power to sustain and guide human destiny. It was white man's burden to conquer and Christianize the land Though the idea was revolutionary for the US, it was nothing new for the world. The idea of conquering other lands in the name if Christ was easily seen in Europe with the Crusades. Thousands of natives died and many countries captured by people who claimed that this was the divine work of God. Anyone who did not convert or stood in their way was killed, much like the Americans did to Native Americans while conquering the west. Manifest Destiny was the reason for the great interest in territorial expansion. With a sense of a ?holy mission,? people were encouraged to travel because of the great amounts of untouched land lying just beyond the borders of the declared territories. There was also the growing desire to develop trade with Asia. Taking over the western lands would eventually open new trade routes with China and Japan who offered rare items such as silk and unique spices. (Quick note from the student: Spices? Isn't that what started the whole thing in the first place? I guess that there is always a hungry man in the history books!) There was also a fear that the land the United States would seek might be taken by foreign invaders. - Namely Russia who was rumored to be planning to take the area of that would later be California for itself. The easiest way to keep others from encroaching on the American's divinely ?Promised Land? was to conquer the land first. Manifest Destiny also created a brutal consequences from the eagerness of the land hungry Americans. While conquering the new and untouched lands, in the process the Native Americans were either moved to other territories so that they were not in the way, or killed. Their deaths were justified by the reasoning that it was their duty to Christianize the savages. (This was all in favor of the advancement of the white civilization.) With such a divine right from God, anything that stood in the way of their right was a threat that simply had to be ridded from on the earth. The government even put their supposed justification in writing with the Manifest Destiny Doctrine, where they intended to break up all tribal governments. Even in modern times, the idea of manifest destiny still flowed through the veins of American government. The most blatant example is the United States burning urge to have Hawaii as the 50 state and a military out post. This was a prime example of Manifest Destiny when in 1898 the US military went into Hawaii and quickly, and simply, took it. The task was completed in 1959 when Hawaii was still unwillingly made the 50th state of the US. Though the idea of manifest destiny in general had been around since the beginning of religion itself, American took it in whole-heartedly and so quickly went to claim their providence from God. Though many believed that it was the holy thing to do, most of their morals were shot to the ground when their greed for land took over. Whoever started the American Manifest Destiny probably had no idea what they had begun. He probably did not have the slightest intellect of how much land there was to conquer, nor how many there were to see slaughtered in the name of God. May all God's children rest in peace? History Essays

Free Essays on The World Of The Vikings

Vikings The Viking age has long been associated with unbridled piracy, when freebooters swarmed out of the northlands in their longships to burn and pillage their way across civilized Europe. Modern scholarship provides evidence this is a gross simplification, and that during this period much progress was achieved in terms of Scandinavian art and craftsmanship, marine technology, exploration, and the development of commerce. It seems the Vikings did as much trading as they did raiding. The title "Viking" encompasses a wide designation of Nordic people; Danes, Swedes, and Norwegians, who lived during a period of brisk Scandinavian expansion in the middle ages, from approximately 800 to 1100 AD. This name may be derived from the old Norse vik(bay or creek). These people came from what is now Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and had a self-sustaining, agricultural society, where farming and cattle breeding were supplemented by hunting, fishing, the extraction of iron and the quarrying of rock to make whetstones and cooking utensils; some goods, however, had to be traded; salt, for instance, which is a necessity for man and cattle alike, is an everyday item and thus would not have been imported from a greater distance than necessary, while luxury items could be brought in from farther south in Europe. Their chief export products were, iron, whetstones, and soapstone cooking pots, these were an essential contribution to a trade growth in the Viking age. The contemporary references we have about the Vikings stem mainly from sources in western Europe who had bitter experiences with the invaders, so we're most likely presented with the worst side of the Vikings. Archaeological excavations have shown evidence of homesteads, farms, and marketplaces, where discarded or lost articles tell of a common everyday life. As the Viking period progressed, society changed; leading Chieftain families accumulated sufficient l... Free Essays on The World Of The Vikings Free Essays on The World Of The Vikings Vikings The Viking age has long been associated with unbridled piracy, when freebooters swarmed out of the northlands in their longships to burn and pillage their way across civilized Europe. Modern scholarship provides evidence this is a gross simplification, and that during this period much progress was achieved in terms of Scandinavian art and craftsmanship, marine technology, exploration, and the development of commerce. It seems the Vikings did as much trading as they did raiding. The title "Viking" encompasses a wide designation of Nordic people; Danes, Swedes, and Norwegians, who lived during a period of brisk Scandinavian expansion in the middle ages, from approximately 800 to 1100 AD. This name may be derived from the old Norse vik(bay or creek). These people came from what is now Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and had a self-sustaining, agricultural society, where farming and cattle breeding were supplemented by hunting, fishing, the extraction of iron and the quarrying of rock to make whetstones and cooking utensils; some goods, however, had to be traded; salt, for instance, which is a necessity for man and cattle alike, is an everyday item and thus would not have been imported from a greater distance than necessary, while luxury items could be brought in from farther south in Europe. Their chief export products were, iron, whetstones, and soapstone cooking pots, these were an essential contribution to a trade growth in the Viking age. The contemporary references we have about the Vikings stem mainly from sources in western Europe who had bitter experiences with the invaders, so we're most likely presented with the worst side of the Vikings. Archaeological excavations have shown evidence of homesteads, farms, and marketplaces, where discarded or lost articles tell of a common everyday life. As the Viking period progressed, society changed; leading Chieftain families accumulated sufficient l...

Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Friendship - Essay Example It was not a pleasant experience because we were strangers to one another. Even though my uncle was not happy about our lack of knowledge of each other, he introduced us as first cousins after which we became friends. I was also able to meet other cousins during my stay in the city but my friendship with this particular cousin has grown beyond any other personal relationship that I have had and I, in this paper, look at friendship and the extent to which Akst’s writing applies to friendship and possible deviations. Basis of friendships Akst, in his article, noted Aristotle’s explanation of three forms of friendship: â€Å"those based on usefulness (contacts), on pleasure (drinking buddies), and on a shared pursuit of virtue – the highest form of all† (Akst, 24). Our friendship developed from shared goals and dreams that we aspired to achieve in the future. The only contrasting aspect that existed between my cousin and I was our preferred professions. My co usin preferred a business career. He was a self-proclaimed businessperson and believed that business was the only key that could unlock his fortunes. On the contrary, I had education-oriented goals. I aimed at working hard in school to secure good grades that would qualify me to attend top ranking universities in the country. We however shared common goals despite the different paths that we chose to our respective success. A reflection, ten years later, of our friendship echoes Akst’s point that friendship built on shared pursuit of virtue is the highest form of all existing types of friendship basis. (Akst, 24) Advantages of having friends in the society Wilson in his article addressed the positive implications of friendship. According to Wilson, â€Å"living in a society of friends has many advantages. Friendship can moderate our behavior† and â€Å"friends help us establish and maintain norms and can tell us if we are running off when others do not notice, will no t break the news, or lack the necessary credibility† (in Akst, 26). In any given friendship, there exists a common trait. Personal traits among true friends are always in accord in terms of moral beliefs, ethical standards and political or religious affiliations. The concept of moderation of character in friendship was demonstrated through our relationship. Based on our contrasting success strategies, my cousin opted to venture into business while I pursued my undergraduate studies. Over the years, my cousin equipped himself with versatile entrepreneurial skills while I concentrated on my studies. Within a period of two years while I was in college, my cousin was able to establish and run a successful business firm. In his part, my cousin challenged my strategy of success. He argued that I did not have to finish college in order to own a business. My cousin reckoned that I could continue with my studies while operating a small business venture. He was able to instill in me the art and skills of a young entrepreneur while I was still pursuing my childhood dream of becoming a scholar. After considering his advice, I started supplying the college’s administration with stationeries and later expanded my market to cover the entire college and its environs. It was through our friendship that my cousin moderated my obsession with academic studies and established a renewed perspective of business in my character. Friendship concepts overlooked by the author Misunderstandings in friendships In his argument, Akst failed to mention that friendship is not always perfect. His analysis of the concept of friendship overlooked mistakes and misunderstanding among friends. In my personal opinion, mistakes and misunderstanding serve to strengthen friendship. In my relationship with my cousin, we have had